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The Technique Feature The main feature of the technique is applying a uniform confining pressure from the four sides of the column which is very effective in square and rectangular columns with small aspect ratio. However, for rectangular column with large aspect ratio, the confining pressure could not be uniformly distributed and the core of the concrete column is not compressed enough to increase its capacity. In this case, the confining pressure is necessary to prevent increasing the lateral strains on the column long direction. To overcome this problem, the longer side of the rectangular column is confined through compressing groups of threaded bars arranged in one or more vertical axes, as shown in Fig. 6. This new feature of the technique is a combination of two applications, combining the case of confining the column from four sides and the case of confining the column from only two parallel sides. This technique could also cover strengthening of stone columns, semelles, beams and beam-column connections. Al-Tuhami et al. 2001, Al-Tuhami and Khalil, 2003 and Al-Tuhami 2004, presented the application of this method for retrofitting reinforced concrete beams and beam-column connections.
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